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Bombadil Publishing is a youth-to-youth publishing house, founded in Sweden in 2007 by Marianne Rugård-Järvstråt. It operates on a franchise basis and has branches in many countries. The company publishes both fiction and non-fiction books written by and for pre-teens, teenagers, and young adults (ages 12–26). It uses mentors and tutors, rather than traditional editors, to assist the authors in creating a quality book,〔("Editorial sueca publica a salvadoreño" ), ''La Prensa Gráfica'', 27 September 2009 〕 and organises searches for promising authors〔("Editorial apoyará a escritores" ), ''Prensa Libre'', 13 December 2010 〕 as well as finding them through social media.〔Eduardo Portillo, ("Editorial sueca publicará libro a dos estudiantes salvadoreños" ), ''La Prensa Gráfica'', 15 February 2010 〕 The authors themselves design the covers and write the back-cover text.〔("Nytt bokförlag för ungdomar i Gyttorp" ), ''Nerikes Allehanda'', 10 February 2009, updated 4 May 2009 〕 Books are marketed and sold under the single Bombadil Publishing brand, but the company is a franchise operation and has offices in many countries, including the US, the UK, India, and Latin America.〔Jaime Ulises Marinero, ("'Los jóvenes necesitan identificarse y a alguien que escuche sus maravillosas ideas'" ), Interview with Marianne Rugård-Järvstråt, ''La Página'', 28 October 2010 〕 After the company's foundation in 2007, major expansion began early in 2008, with eleven countries being added in November that year alone〔("Schwedischer Jugendverlag Bombadil wächst weltweit per Franchising" ), Franchise-Journal, Franchise Portal, 22 December 2008 〕 and the number of authors rising from several hundred to over 50,000 by the end of the year and to over 200,000 by the end of 2010. , Bombadil was publishing in 28 languages;〔 , it had authors in 90 countries.〔(Bombadillians ), Bombadil Publishing, retrieved 22 August 2013.〕 Some books are published in multiple languages. Authors receive a 20% share of the price of each book sold.〔〔Marcus Nilsson, ("Tvillingtjejernas bokdröm gick i uppfyllelse" ), ''Kristianstadsbladet'', 10 February 2011, updated 11 February 2011 〕〔Clément S., ("Analphabétisme: Un livre de bienfaisance pour la lutte mondiale" ), ActuaLitté, 23 December 2008 〕〔(Peace Through Culture with Bombadil Publishing ), Bombadil Publishing, retrieved 22 August 2013.〕 The books are primarily sold on the publisher's website and advertised by word-of-mouth, although in some cases they can be bought in shops; in 2011 the company was negotiating with Ikea and ICA to have some books sold at their stores.〔 In El Salvador, Bombadil had difficulty securing promised token government payments to authors〔("Sec retrasa pago a jóvenes poetas" ), El Salvador.com, 3 October 2011 〕 and in 2012 had to abandon a claim for reimbursement for 10,000 books ordered by a government ministry that were not paid for.〔("Editorial sueca demandará a la DPI" ), ''La Prensa Gráfica'', 11 December 2011 〕〔José González, ("SECULTURA: 'Cualquier demanda de Bombadil resultaría improcedente'" ), ''La Página'', 10 January 2012 〕〔Óscar González, ("La renuncia de una demanda sueca" ), ''La Prensa Gráfica'', 20 January 2012 〕 One of the Swedish companies was put into administration on 17 February 2011 in Örebro District Court, Sweden. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bombadil Publishing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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